Butyrophilins (Btns) and butyrophilin-like (Btnl) molecules are emerging as novel regulators of immune responses in mice and humans. The human genome contains four identified BTNL genes, with the somewhat confusing designations of 2, 3, 8 and 9. BTNL2, the best-characterized family member, is clustered with the BTN genes on chromosome 6, whereas the much less explored family members BTNL3, BTNL8 and BTNL9 are localized on chromosome 5.
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